I agree that each member of Batman's rogue's gallery is a reflection of Batman, but I see it more like this:
The Joker: Joker is like the Id to Batman's Super Ego. Joker is a representation of complete madness and chaos while Batman is a representation of complete sanity and order.
Man-Bat: I don't consider him a very significant member of Batman's rogue gallery, really, but I agree that it takes the theme of being a Bat to it's extreme.
The Riddler: The Riddle is about challenging Batman's intellect so that he's more than just a costumed super hero that uses his fists.
Mr. Freeze: Both Mr. Freeze and Batman have lost people who are very close to them and are obsessively driven to find closure for their loss, though they deal with it in different ways.
Scarecrow: Takes the theme of fear, and Batman striking fear into the hearts of others, to it's extremes. Scarecrow is also used brilliantly to reveal deeper aspects of each character's psyche: the same fear gas can yield different result if it infects Batman, Riddler, or Joker. (In the last case, it has no effect at all...)
Bane: Bane is like the opposite of Riddler in that he tests Batman's physical strength and endurance.
Catwoman: Catwoman exists to challenge Batman's black and white view of the world by revealing to him it's many shades of gray. She also learns from Batman the importance of trust, a quality that she doesn't usually extend to other humans unless if they've been victimized like her.
Hugo Strange: Many fans of Batman desire to be Batman, and Hugo Strange takes that desire and pushes it to it's most perverted extreme.
Hush: Hush is more of antagonist for Bruce Wayne than Batman. Unlike Hugo Strange, Hush doesn't want to be Batman. He wants to be Bruce Wayne.
Lock-Up: Lock-Up is what Batman might become if he allows his methods to become too draconian.
Two-Face: Two-Face is about the seemingly arbitrary nature of fate and how it effects people in unjust ways. In order to cope with a world that doesn't have any order, Two-Face flips a coin to decide what is a just action and what is unjust and follows the coin's ruling completely. Also, the name Two-Face is meant to be a jab at politicians who promise one thing and do another.
Mad Hatter: Two central themes of Batman have been madness and free-will. Mad Hatter has the ability to subdue even the greatest criminal minds, but at the cost of taking their free-will which is against Batman's personal code of ethics. Batman would like to see criminals like Poison Ivy and Killer Croc locked away to prevent them from harming others, but he also wants them to reform by their own free-will. Also, Mad Hatter imbues Batman's world with a very twisted and dark Carrollian aesthetic that fits it well.
Penguin: Penguin is very much like Bruce Wayne in that he is born into money, but he doesn't have any of Bruce's handsome features or jovial personality and as such is open to mockery and abuse. In order to negate the effects of that abuse, Penguin turns incredibly violent against those who would undermine him.
Ra's Al Ghul: Ra's Al Ghul is a depiction of what Batman might become if he was given an eternity to fight for his cause. The idea being that, if given enough time to view civilizations rise and fall, Batman would eventually become jaded and would lose all hope for humanity. You see elements of this happening in The Dark Knight Returns when Batman gives up the cowl and becomes the leader of his own personal army.
Poison Ivy: Similar to Ra's Al Ghul, Poison Ivy doesn't have much respect for humanity and is more concerned with protecting the environment. She especially despises big cities, Gotham City especially because it best represents the worst aspects of urbanization with it's pollution, crime, corruption, and complete detachment from nature.
Harley Quinn: Harley Quinn is Joker's Robin. As a former psychologist, she shows that even the most sane people are capable of being complete fools. I also like to think that, on some level, Batman strongly desires having a long-term relationship someone and settling down. But Batman isn't selfish enough to do that because he knows that he couldn't devote himself fully to his partner because he made a promise to his parents that he would rid Gotham of crime. Joker, on the other hand, is completely selfish and couldn't care less for Harley even though she's absolutely the perfect woman for him. In a way, Joker's relationship is a slap to Batman's face because he takes for granted what Batman can never have.
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